No doubt about it – the drones are flying in.
According to the FAA, last year more than 670,000 drones were registered in the U.S. alone. Drones – also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) – are poised to transform key industries by providing cost-effective new services.
While drones are really cool, so are all the ground support elements and software algorithms needed to make the operation of a large fleet safe and efficient. Many of these elements require local intelligence. That’s where fog computing comes in.
Much has been written about the opportunities for drones to transform the supply chain. The benefits are numerous:
- Faster delivery to remote terrain
- Less congested roadways
- Reduced labor costs from using unmanned drones
- Cleaner air
- Faster delivery (which appeals to our world of instant gratification)
- Huge opportunities for service innovation.
The advantages of drone innovation and the underlying fog technologies are highlighted in the OpenFog use case on drones and in a new 2-minute video.
Package delivery represents just a fraction of the opportunities ahead. Drones also can deliver many other disruptive servers. Here’s a short list:
- Enterprise IT and networking services such extending your WiFi range, extra computing power or short-term storage exactly where needed
- 4G and 5G cell network restoration
- Video surveillance of large areas (e.g., campuses, military bases, ports, refineries, power plants, railroads, etc.)
- “Always on station” for electronic news gathering
- Health services that deliver emergency equipment, such as defibrillators or epi-pens
- Even advertising (i.e., flying billboards).
The list of possibilities – and capabilities – continues to expand. One thing they all have in common is they require cooperation between sophisticated computational resources located on the drone and even more sophisticated hierarchies of fog-based support intelligence on the ground.
The fog hierarchy
While the business case for drones isn’t new, it’s only now that the technology has been available to deliver on this promise. Fog computing and fog networking are powering drones, perches, roosts, sensor platforms and fully automated drone traffic control systems. These fog techniques offer the sub-millisecond latency, compute capacity, network bandwidth, as well as the safety, privacy, reliability, efficiency, and security required for drone operations.
In order to succeed, large-scale autonomous drone fleet operations need the hierarchy of a fog-based infrastructure:
- A mobile fog node resides in the drone itself.
- It communicates to the local fog node in the perch or street corner sensor platform.
- The local fog node communicates with regional fog nodes in the roost or at the neighborhood level.
- The regional fog nodes then rapidly communicate with the city or county level fog nodes, which provide essential information to support the scalability, performance, and trustworthy operation of the fleet services.
This hierarchy helps to address dynamic flight plans, air traffic control database updates, and up-to-the-second weather reports while the drones are in transit. Once the drone lands, fog plays a vital role in ensuring the operational efficiency of the landing site or perch. Perches and roosts are like mini automated airports, with drones rapidly landing at many gates to discharge their contents. Then they recharge, re-load and fly to a new destination.
What about TSA-like functions?
A fog-driven perch can also detect bad-acting drones. As a drone approaches a controlled airspace, it lands and is locked down onto a special screening perch. A conveyer system pulls the drone and its cargo through various screening sensors (including x-ray, mm wave systems, cameras, nitrate sniffers, scales, software analyzers, etc.) where a fog node running sophisticated analytics scans it to ensure the drone is configured as expected and that its cargo matches its manifest and does not contain anything prohibited.
Once the screening is complete, if cleared, the drone launches from the opposite side of the screening perch, and can fly to its destination. If the scans discover something suspicious, the drone can be moved to an “isolation bunker” where authorities can screen the drone and its package contents.
Higher-level fog-based functions at upper levels of the hierarchy coordinate all the perch, roost and distributed sensor fog nodes. These ensure the drones don’t collide, that the robotic package handling systems work efficiently, and that all drones in the fleet are protected, charged, and looked after.
At the OpenFog Consortium, we are addressing these and other advanced use cases that will transform industries. I invite you to take a look at our work on the OpenFog Reference Architecture and more at www.OpenFogConsortium.org.
About the author: Charles C. Byers is a Principal Engineer with Cisco's Corporate Strategic Innovation Group. He works on the architecture and implementation of Fog Computing platforms, media processing systems, and IoT, and is technology chair in the OpenFog Consortium. Before joining Cisco, he was a Bell Labs Fellow at Alcatel-Lucent. He holds 66 US patents.
Edited by
Ken Briodagh